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The Phantom of the nursery

I do theater. During Jean Laurent Cochet. But yes, ask yourself a bit, Depardieu, Lucchini, Hupert, all we will ever have is Him. A gay 80-Guru spring extends his passion for drama into eternity.
As I am a girl and so I was of little interest, I am not at the top of the performance, I'm relocating again and I knit. I knit comedy.

I carry you. All, I hold you with what you show each day. Your music, your voice, your eyes, hands shaken, your inflections, your inspirations, what you learned and what you are doing so well. Your accent restoration, I hear, I absorb. Anything goes. I'm sponge. I have nothing to give other than yourself. I watch you, I listen, anything you remember saying to myself. You are flagged somewhere in me, I spy that you have no idea.
You do not say no commas or periods, the last words are the first. It learned the rhythm, you are so talented. Sometimes mouths pinch after a word: the effect of shyness, lack of insurance? Hands, arms, and abandon themselves intersect at Throughout the service, the cross and surrender themselves to deliver the weight of feeling. You give me so I can not see it. Whatever you say, I see only your hands that intersect then awaken.
You swing your body on legs looking to dance your inflections so well understood and applied so well. You smile and eyes wet. You're in Ecstasy of such beauty and sorrow in this poem that you give. We must make this clear. Are you the feeling you're music.
Your voice does not dare him to the limit. Not so loud! You remember. You stand a little unbalanced.
There is, there your eyes watching a corner, there are tricks that prove you do your text, there are the quirks of your recitations.
I carry you all. Entertainers, liars, fools. Actors.

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red states and blue States: political polarization in the United States

The popular vote does not say who will win

This may appear surprising, but compared to their French counterparts, U.S. media publish quite a few polls on voting intentions for the presidency (those who are addicted to polls may still find their happiness in the press, example here on the website of the New York Times ). The reason t ient probably the American electoral system. A national survey has an interest relating to anticipate the outcome of the presidential election. U.S. President is in fact not directly elected by American citizens, but by a panel of 538 "electors." These designated in each State according to the principle of winner-take-all (the leading candidate roundup all the electoral votes). Thus, it may river ar a candidate with a majority of votes nationwide (what Americans call "popular vote") will not be elected because he did not majority of "electors." This happened four times so far in 1824, 1876, 1888 and especially 2000 (where Bush won with five votes ahead in electoral votes while Gore had obtained more than 500 000 votes than him in "Popular vote").

Map New York Times, 2008

A battleground shrinks
The U.S. electoral system also explains the campaign strategies being adopted by candidates . They obviously have an interest in concentrating their efforts on states that can win the most electoral votes. In theory it is possible to be elected President of the United States by having the majority that e in eleven states designating more voters: California (55), Texas (34), New York (31), Florida (27), Illinois (21), Pennsylvania (21), Ohio (20), Michigan (17), Georgia (15), New Jersey (15 ), North Carolina (15), which allows for 271 electoral votes needed on the 269.
In addition, candidates tend to neglect States who have a long tradition of voting for their camp (California, State of New York and the Northeast States for Democrats) (Texas and the Southern states and Midwest for the Republicans). They focus their campaign activities on the states whose vote is uncertain. In 2004 they spent together 54% of their investment in television advertising and 45% of their trips to three states (Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania) which only represent 14% of the total population (Source: Who Pick the President? A postponement by FairVote - The Center for Voting and Democracy's ). Since the mid-1990s, the number of states considered as uncertain and where s e conducted accordingly most of the campaign (so-called battleground , toss up or Swing States ) decreased and has grown from a dozen to twenty (Source: Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections, 4th edition ). Map showing states where advertising spending has been most intense during the 2004 campaign. Source: FairVote.

polarization between red states and blue states: a myth?
It seems that over the past two decades, the United States are more polarized with one side heavily Democratic states (Blue States) and another side of the heavily Republican states (Red States) . This geographical divide (between regions Democrats industrial and rural Republican) would reflect the social, religious or racial populations concerned. This polarization may appear surprising since many studies have shown that American voters tend to become more moderate and less attached to the Republican and Democratic parties. In Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America (New York: Pearson Longman, 2005), Morris Fiorina moreover questioned the idea of growing polarization. I can not detail all of his analysis here, but essentially Fiorina said that in terms of values and political attitudes (but not religious) Americans are less divided than is said and partisan divisions that truly are seen among the political elites and citizens involved. If one has the impression of a bias, it would be mostly an effect of the electoral boundaries (gerrymandering the ) which artificially increases the separation between Democratic and Republican constituencies. Incidentally, the myth of polarization have been supported by the media in that it simplifies and dramatizes the coverage of politics, presented as a confrontation between the two major parties.
Fiorina's book has sparked heated debate and numerous studies on the same theme. As often happens in political science research, some surveys have resulted in substantially different conclusions and affirmed the contrary the trend of increasing political polarization of the U.S. (in terms of geographical, social and even religious). For a good point about the issue, one may consult the special issue of The Forum, A Journal of Applied Research in Contemporary Politics , Vol. 3, Issue 2 (July 2005), whose summary is available HERE . (See especially the article by Alan Abramowitz and Kyle Saunders, one of the best in my eyes).

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The Democratic convention in Denver: a beautiful show

Some notes and reflections on the Democratic Convention held in Denver of 25 to 28 August 2008 to endorse the candidacy of Barack Obama.

A well-orchestrated show . for Republicans since 1972 (and 1980 for Democrats), the proceedings of conventions is planned minute by minute. All details are carefully paid in advance (for example, the color of tailor worn by Hillary Clinton during her speech was chosen by the production team after audiovisual trials of light). The key moments of the convention are almost written like a screenplay. The extraordinary flurry of signs which have engaged the delegates in a speech by Joe Biden, candidate for the vice presidency, illustrates this orchestration. If Biden comes on stage, delegates waved signs bearing his name red. When Joe Biden launches into a repetitive attack on "McCain that's no change, that's more of the Same", the delegates waving of new signs stating "McCain The Same." Biden then proceeded to another part of his speech on "Obama, that's the Change We Need". In the room, showing new signs appear that slogan. And when Biden finished his delivery, is a fourth series of signs that appear with the names Obama and Biden.

The roll call: the contest of Eurovision in the U.S.. The roll call is the time the agreement during which the delegations of each state indicates how they split their votes between the candidates for appointment. Each state is called alphabetically. This is an opportunity for the leaders of delegations (often leaders: senators, governors, etc..) Enjoy a moment of publicity and to before, sometimes emphatically, sometimes with humor and even two, a characteristic of their state: its role in the history of the United States, famous people who were born there, its location (Maine and has boasted of being the first state to see the sun each morning ) or its tourism resources, even the quality of its baseball team or basketball. The votes are then announced and accepted by the mistress of ceremonies to be added, which is reminiscent of the famous scoring of the Eurovision Song Contest. Obama 10 points, Clinton and 2 points. Alas, this year the roll call did not go to completion, and the heads of delegations States after the letter N have been denied their moment of TV fame, as Hillary Clinton, speaking in the delegation of the State of New York, requested a vote by acclamation Barack Obama.

The business of politics . It is estimated that a convention costs between 60 and 100 million euros (but, apparently, would yield as much as miscellaneous income to the city that hosts it). To fund the conventions, many companies donate in cash or services (Qwest has offered $ 6 million to the Democratic party). In return, they receive indirect advertising (through television coverage of the convention) and VIP access for their guests. These donations mostly give them the right to host receptions and dinners which provide opportunities of contact with elected Democrats at all levels and from all over the United States. About 400 receptions and parties were held in four days. All this is somewhat similar to the Cannes festival: the action is not necessarily in the room, but in major hotels and banquet halls where businessmen conversing with those who make the laws or regulate their activities. In a recent report, Public Citizen expressed concern about the drift by recalling that the congressional ethics rules prohibit elected in principle to respond to invitations from interest groups. Public Citizen also notes that the major conventions are finally absent voters (although some of them came, as usual, protest outside the convention hall - that looked elsewhere for a small fortress as security checks were numerous and close together).

Dad, Mom, I love you! they are lucky the Democrats: they all have parents, spouses and children who love and extraordinary they cherish. They keep us repeat it in their speeches and pictures of their families together and happy constantly punctuate the Convention. Moreover, all family members who can are there on the stage or in la salle, et apparaissent au moment opportun sur les écrans, la larme à l’œil. Voici comment, le premier jour, Michelle Barak a commencé son intervention en ouverture de la convention : “ As you might imagine, for Barack, running for president is nothing compared to that first game of basketball with my brother, Craig. I can’t tell you how much it means to have Craig and my mom here tonight. Like Craig, I can feel my dad looking down on us, just as I’ve felt his presence in every grace-filled moment of my life ”. Le lendemain, Hillary Clinton, introduite par sa fille, semble plus réservée (et more political). Here are his first words: "I Am Honored To Be Here Tonight. A Proud mother. A Proud Democrat. A Proud American. And a Proud supporter of Barack Obama . (Lack the "A Proud wife" Hillary, or her unconscious, she still wants her ex-president husband?). Day 3: Joe Linden, introduced him by his son Beau (who has not hesitated to do in pathos in telling us the car accident, whose family has been victim) attacked hard: " Beautiful, I love you. I Am So Proud of You. Proud Of The sound you are. Proud of the Father You've Become. And I'm So Proud of my son Hunter, my daughter Ashley, and my wife Jill, the only one who leaves me breathless and speechless at the same time ”. Et ça continue une minute plus tard. « I wish that my dad was here tonight, but I am so grateful that my mom, Catherine Eugenia Finnegan Biden, is here. You know, she taught her children—all the children who flocked to our house—that you are defined by your sense of honor, and you are redeemed by your loyalty. She believes bravery lives in every heart and her expectation is that it will be summoned ”.

The media are watching . Lors de la convention démocrate de 1968, les manifestants criaient aux Delegates' The Whole World is watching you. " This slogan has become reality and the American conventions are subject to extraordinary media coverage: about 15,000 journalists are here, representing 130 countries. to the United States itself, the television coverage is intense and surprising for a European since the major networks broadcast live (and in prime time) the highlights of the convention, while the news channel continues multiply the plates together hierarchs Democrats and political analysts for comments hot. For all these people on hand, CNN has even invested in a restaurant that has been completely refurbished to become the CNN Grill (with a new menu and beer special). But the media are a megaphone. Parked in areas restricted or, like tonight for the intervention of Obama, small tents, they are required to retransmit the images produced by the Democratic organization. This allows it to compose his own visual narrative of the Convention where the most striking are the constant cutaways and scholars (of Michelle Obama on Hillary or Bill Clinton or delegates that provide a mosaic of colors of skin, gender and ages) to communicate a message and subtly emotional consensual: that a Democratic party united and harmonious way to victory.

Photo: Michelle Obama (Washington Post). One can guess (next to Michelle's hand) the teleprompter translucent that speakers use to read their speeches without looking.

I love politics: One of the best blogs on the French election 2008 U.S.

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Meteors

month of August is the month of shooting stars.

To cogitate a little while contemplating the Milky Way lying on the grass, still warm from the heat of the day, a quick question (onto-) logical

If we posit that The universe is infinite, can we say there is a chance exists somewhere in the universe a life form similar to any of those found on earth?

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The law sets


After the occurrence of an accident or a dramatic event, the media may notice that other accidents or similar events occur within days or weeks. They then suggest a law of series, as if suddenly the misfortune happened cluster. It seems that a force will make fatal crash more than normal commercial aircraft (August 2005), suddenly shoot dogs attacking children fatally (June 2006), causing an outbreak of violent confrontations between teachers and their students (Fall 2007), or lead parents to forget their baby in their car (July 2008).
But what we believe to be a series is due to the way we see evil reality and the result of various errors of perception, or cognitive biases in language scholar. Here are four of the most common.

1) The priming effect.
When an event occurs very dramatic and creates a certain emotion, our attention to this type of event is momentarily sharpened. This bias affects us all, but it particularly affects journalists in their news selection. Thus, the national media in general little to forty crossing accidents that occur each year. But if one of them is highly publicized (because of its circumstances, the number of victims, or even because the news was hollow at the time), the media will pay more attention to news reporting other accidents of this type, then that these mails have been thrown in the trash normally.
(Incidentally, the media likes more the idea of a law of series that allows them to transform an event into a social problem).

2) Confirmation bias (very near the previous biases and the increases).
To test the validity of our knowledge, beliefs or ideas, we generally tend to find items that confirm, rather than elements that do not. If, for example, we are convinced that there is global warming, we will likely be both more noticeable and better retain the signs which confirm this phenomenon, and neglecting many other signs that it is relativized.

3) Failure to properly evaluate the statistics.
We often struggle to correctly interpret probabilities in particular because forget about the size of the reference population. Even if an event has an extremely low probability of occurrence, it is likely to occur if we compare it to a large population. For example, playing toss, the probability of cell ten times in a row is 0.0009765625 (1 / 2 to the power 10), roughly a thousand. But if millions of people play simultaneously to toss, stack the series ten times over will happen dozens of times.

4) Waiting excessive spreading.
We tend to think that random events must be distributed to stagger and almost equidistant in time. By definition, luck is not subject to any rules. For example, if we make numerous random draws of twelve dates in a year, it often happens that several of these dates are separated by only a few days. (On 100 000 prints, the average gap between two dates will be minimum of 2.65 days, while many of us intuitively think it would be close to 25-30 days).
However, at certain times of the year, there is much greater frequency of events in an particular type ... because these events are related to the characteristics of a period (the weather or the heat in the case of forgotten babies in cars, so the increase in air traffic during the holidays in case of crashes of aircraft charter etc.).

To go further:
Gérald Bronner Coincidences. Our representations of chance . Paris: Vuibert, 2007.
(Gérald Bronner, senior lecturer in sociology at Paris IV, has been working for many years to decipher the logic of our beliefs).
Jean-Paul Delahaye, The unexpected mathematics. Paris: Belin, 2006 (which has produced figures on the expectation of excessive spreading).

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When I think of Carla who thinks Fernande ...

Connection Problems.

To wait a little song.

When I think of Fernande Carla Bruni

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Heading Grain of salt


grain of salt is the title of a new topic you will find from time to time on this blog.

The title is not very original, and the term sometimes has a pejorative connotation. As recalled by the excellent blog Linguapop to those who want to put their grain of salt, one is often tempted to say: Take care of your onions.

For me, it will take the expression literally. As we add a little salt in a dish to exalt the taste, try to combine parsimony and added flavor and make the most of sense in a minimum of words.

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Is there a statute of the series?


Multiplications alerts at nuclear power plants, fatal accidents at railway crossings, babies forgotten in cars, incidents on Qantas aircraft company ...
Y-Would there be a law of series?

Find out by reading this blog from August 4,
and especially this post.

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(re-) opened due to paid leave

Incredible, but true ...
While the month of August approached, it becomes increasingly difficult to find a bakery opened in Paris, while signs "Closed for paid leave" appear on thousands of windows, the blog resumed.

Official reopening Sunday, August 4, 2008

(with a stunning new entry grain of salt).

Cuts In The Roof Of Mouth

how successful living shit

Almost all Internet viedemerde.com knows the site. Everyone can put his big moments of personal supposed to lose the joy of readers through short punchy sentences. I admit, the days that followed the discovery of the site, I was hooked. It seemed that people had an extraordinary life ... And it's true because now neither success nor happiness are a pledge of an interesting life. If your life sucks but you know how to tell so that everyone benefits, then you have successfully completed this same life. If you do not train to depression. Remember to stand back and enjoy your moments of intense emotional loneliness, sprinkle everything with some humor and tell everyone that that have patiently managed to miss your life, you may end up becoming a writer or get out a song with two chords on a banjo on Myspace.
You can work in a fast food and make it an epic. It's still great! Anyway, if your life has the appearance of success, your job is well paid and have decent housing, you use to disassemble everything on a blog, to denounce the hypocrisy bottom of your colleagues, confess your spouse is far from being the person in your life (Sort this out?). On

viedemerde.com, sentences begin with "today". I wondered if some moments were really lose that occurred the same day or a few days ago. If so, what is the one who exposes a rupture, a divorce? What does this reveal about people's sensibilities?

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For belonged rich poetry and good taste, vulgarity belonged to the poor. Then the two worlds eventually met through free expression, the emergence of the importance of public democracy. But the poor continued to be vulgar and rich listening to poetry. Then the blurring between social classes eventually dissolve, thanks to entertainment for all, once so clear outline of elite culture and popular culture, or worse, the culture of mâaaaaaasse.
Yet there remains something of this opposition, fueled by the right of expression for all. In some programs of certain channels through pipicacaprout and a few outstretched fingers loose, we get to demystify great ideas as the beautiful poetry, "classical" music, in short, stuff that passes for the truth to be a bit boring for many people. But instead of saying and take his anti-poetry, simply just fart.

Kill poetry by the wind of the Viscera situation remains the most commonly used to break the spell of calm and serious moments.

It's like thinking that the princesses are poo.

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digestion of the poet is the last day of sun (part 2)

I'm hungry. I'm going to buy food without balance. A sandwich is quite expensive because of the ham and bread grains. And various pastries. I do not eat everything, I leave food on the bench and I know that I spotted a bum and a few followers will come and make his meal.
I left the park, I go to a movie and I wonder if I can buy popcorn. I can not. I have to buy a ticket. I take it, it is expensive. I never go to the cinema. I'm salty popcorn and go out to eat. I watch people pass and repass, I see people getting into taxis, I sat on a bench. It yal'université nearby. I do not like this place is reflection as I do. I do not like this place and I do not like students. I'm going. I take a bus, it's nice look out the window.
Like the warmth of churches, it's cool. I go into a church and I sit on a chair not solid at all, in last place. I try to have an intimate relationship with God, I tell myself that it is possible that a truth revealed to me that way, it's quite the time and quite the place. But I can not. Not at all. So I'm going, without making the sign of the cross. I blaspheme and internally. Outside there
donor recruiters. These are young people who perform a job. They think it is better than another job because of the scope humanitarian, or simply human. The truth is that they have just applied for a job found on the Internet. I think and I say to a recruiter who approached me. He replied that no, it is important, it's because people do not care and think only about their small problems of the rich world is wrong. What if everyone gave even that ten euros (yes, that's how they intend to recruit donations for the unemployed and students, telling them that even a little money will prove the greatness of their souls ), and although it would save a lot of children from starvation, or AIDS, it would really help the research that finds nothing. And if she finds nothing, because people do not even ten. I explained to him that people do not want to be solicited, they are tired of having to pay to be born in a country where it takes two supermarket shelves to install all brands of biscuits. They do not want to feel guilty eating and being healthy. I told him everything. I told him it annoys me too, there never really thought about compassion, he does not even believe in his speech to young. He treats me selfish, that continues in my back it is with a mentality like this that people vote right etc etc ... I did not feel like preparing a good speech, and I did not care a bit of my arguments not properly conducted. I've never been very verbal. Usually when I see a donor recruiter, I start to run as if I hurry and no pause. The evening on TV there are commercials that recruiters tell us all at the same time that water is scarce. But I do not feel guilty, at least not like people who wash their cars and watering gardens unnecessary.

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is e last day Sunglasses (part 1)

is the last day sun before the rain. The cat was lying like a dead and I wonder if it's not boredom he feels. He lived for fifteen years in the house and he does not come out. It was for him the deck and window sills. This is the last day of sun and maybe he's bored.
I butter the toast. I eat, I bite it, then I chew maybe four or five times before swallowing, then I bite again and it lasts until it is no more than my fingers. In my head it happened in the future. Very close indeed. It happened on the glass of water to drink, Brushing teeth and finish the book. All this in a well-cut order, but very fast. I saw it all in my head, in a few seconds. More rapid was the memory of my night, my dreams. And meanwhile, for as the time some other thoughts more complicated as the sadness of the morning, or my place in the world, I crunched the bread, I picked up the crumbs and I do every morning. Then I go brush my teeth. I brush in the same direction.
I turn on the computer. It is not broken. It starts up very winded. I wait. I certainly think of something. Then I click, I see messages missing. I have a few moments before the blank page of google. Much energy for anything. I switch off.
I leave. Time is no different, although I know it's the last day of sun. I return again. I call my mother and we cry a lot. I told him I'm afraid.
I get out. I have to go for a walk. People do like me, but they are not alone. They come because it's nice and warm. This is perhaps not obvious but it is a good habit they have. They eat out, I see bags of fast food and French fries at the feet of benches. There are mostly families and couples. There are homeless. I give nothing now, no material or light.
I'm done as far as I can. That is to say that I washed with the conviction that I purify myself and it made me more beautiful. I put nice clothes too. I walk to being looked at. And sometimes they look at me, I mean not only for me not to get into it.

to be continued (niark)

Bra Sizes And Comparison

Blogosfight

If you believe the buzz literature (a reference when you have nothing to do with less intelligent), the new generation is the point G of the literature. The fatal blow, it is blogging this generation there. Oops, I blog, I'm young ... but I write poorly so I am saved. Niark. So

blogui blog (Yeah, Ned Flanders rubbed off on me) if you are between 18 and 30 years, you have a blog with each new section is complemented with at least 3 comments, you are a legitimate representative of Wanabe writer. If you live in Paris or its suburbs, mazeltov, you are ... pure juice.
Except that I think it's all zero. D'oh. In the blogosphere the next generation, there is one side that are great girls and tell they are great because they are funny, raw, funny, offbeat, funny, raw. Mmmm here.
And on the other side of the boys who are studying art or literature, or working in the arts or literature (mouais an entire social field what Bourdieu) who speak with a choice from the menu "a sharp pen and ironic "," a trendy style, sharp and nervous, "" a nice pen and humorous! ", who speak so (what I write badly) cynicism, masturbation, sexual adventures of girls, sex, cynicism, etc. ... etc. ... etc. ... Their lives
what. RER, college, girls, girls flats, their conversation, music, what they thought at any given time about girls and music. It's great for 2 items after it touches the chiantesque. Qu'inintéressant because, although the method is the description of our daily lives, with the distanced gaze should be about this world so hard and so ordinary but which we so want to belong even more. Thanks to Facebook and degrees.

Damn, if it is I am part of a blog. I am one of slice of life of uninteresting qqun who described his subway trip and maybe I was inside.
Now it will take not only with this "careful you're being filmed," but with that "attention, you're blogging. Vertuchoux.

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The elimination of advertising on public channels in 7 questions

" I therefore hope that the specifications of public television to be reviewed and that consideration be given to the total suppression of advertising on public channels that could be funded (sic ) by a tax on advertising revenues of private channels and increased by a tax i nfinitésimale on sales of new means of communication such as mobile telephony and Internet access.

This is a revolution, changing the economic model of television Public change at all while giving the cultural policy in the communication society of ours .

Nicolas Sarkozy, Press Conference on 8 January 2008.


1) An unexpected announcement but an old idea (from left)
The announcement of NS was a surprise in the current debate on audiovisual financing, rather it was considering an increase in advertising revenue for public broadcasting. In testimony to Furthermore this dispatch market from January to September 8 H43: UBS lowered its recommendation on TF1 to buy to neutral, and its price targets on TF1 and M6, the bank felt that prospects were bleak advertising channels. But

remove any advertising on public TV is not a new project, and that even an old project left.
- In 1989, Michel Rocard, then Prime Minister, wanted to implement this reform in the financing include a 3% tax on all investment advertising, media and offline media. (MR just said this morning that Mitterrand had refused this reform on the advice of his finance minister, Pierre Beregovoy, who thought to what would term a rate increase and thus inflation).
- In September 1999, a hundred intellectuals and media professionals (including Pierre Bourdieu) signed an open letter proposing a total suppression of advertising on France Television.
- In 2002, following the work of a committee chaired by John Martin, authors of various companies including SACD, SCAM and SRF, were also imposed for the removal of advertising.

2) The British model: a good model?
Among the major public television channels in Europe, only the BBC operates today without advertising. But the BBC funding remains problematic and is the subject of constant debate for over twenty years (see report Peacock 1985). If the BBC is able to run it through a large fee (currently £ 135.50 with a steady increase up to £ 148 planned in 2012) and with the resources it draws from the sale of programs and services ( 20% of its budget in 2007, the royalty of 74%, the rest from budgetary allocations). The BBC Trust has for several years a policy of reducing its costs. Finally, programming the BCC has often been criticized in recent years, especially for not taking sufficient account of the needs of the population.

If Britain gives us an interesting example, is less than that of the BBC from Channel Four in its first version (1982-1990). This channel then no advertising, fully funded by other private channels of the ITV network had the mission to offer alternative programming to include minorities in society. And during its first decade, she has demonstrated great innovation and creative freedom.

3) Good news for private TV stations?
Who will benefit from advertising dollars that go to public channels today?
- Only a portion of these investments will be transferred to other vectors. What is of interest primarily an advertiser on television is to reach the widest possible audience (including prime time). Investing more on TF1 and M6 is useless if you can not touch the viewers who watch France 2 at the same time.
- TF1 and M6 have advertising space limited by regulation (6 min with an average daily maximum of 12 minutes per hour). Certainly, they can raise their rates, but should the demand for their screens elleaussi increases. However, in a simmering economic crisis, advertisers currently tend to reduce their advertising budgets big media. For
TF1 and M6 can benefit optimally from the elimination of advertising on public channels, it would increase the maximum permitted daily average hourly (or delete it, as allowed by the TWF Directive) and permit a second commercial break during movies (or even a third since the TWF directive authorizes a break every 35 minutes for a movie).

If there is delay, it will without doubt to the new DTT channels, the Internet and as a return to the print and radio (which have seen their advertising budgets stagnate or decline due to the opening of the television advertising large distributors).
It is not clear that TF1 and M6 are taking full advantage.

(It can be seen jumped dramatically after Jan. 8 (TF1 rose from 16.5 to 18.36 at the close), the prices of these two companies have fallen almost in the same proportion today, 9 January ).

4) How to finance the shortfall for the audiovisual public?
advertising revenues are around France Television 840 million euros. Where and how to find the equivalent of that sum?

Taxes:
- tax on "increased advertising revenues of private channels " is the first solution proposed by NS (note in passing the very ambiguous "increased" the tax base-will Does all the recipes or just increase their potential to come). But it can at best cover a portion of the shortfall, except to set an excessively high rate.
Question unanswered: Does it include in the tax base and other media that could benefit from the elimination of advertising on TV? (I would be surprised that we want to annoy the press with that).
- The tax revenue of mobile operators and ISPs : here, there's plenty to do if you consider the revenues of mobile operators (around 17 billion euros) and profit margins comfortable. However, it is perhaps not a good idea to tax ISP if you want to encourage the dissemination Internet.
If I make an estimate with a ladle: the combined turnover of private television channels, mobile operators and ISPs is between 23 and 25 billion euros. It should therefore be taxed at 3.5 or 4%.

Increase fee:
This option is currently ruled by the entourage of NS (see response to Europe 1 this afternoon's special adviser Henri Guaino, who played a large role in the concept of political civilization, the abolition of advertising is a part). But it seems inevitable (and we can count Lobbying of economic actors: public-service, public funding).

A reduction in the budget of public broadcasting:
If it does not tax too heavily on private operators and if it does not increase the fee, it seems that the third possibility, She also inevitable (and the example of the BBC goes in this direction).
It may take the form of a policy of cost reduction within each public channel, a grouping of channels in the group Televisió France, or - more explosive and politically difficult for the moment - a "reduction in the scope of France Televisions" as they say, ie the privatization of one of its chains.

5) Less advertising, so better programs?
is the implicit reasoning not only Nicolas Sarkozy but also of all those who in the past have embraced this project.
This reasoning actually works in two stages: No advertising, so no racing at the hearing, no hearing race, so potential for more proactive programming pursuing lofty goals.
But these two relations, especially First, are far from obvious:
- The elimination of advertising on public channels will not necessarily abstracting them from the logic of the hearing. The audience ratings are not only economic indicators used to maximize advertising revenue, they are also political indicators is used (if other) to measure the response to "demand" or satisfaction " expectations "of viewers. Even without advertising, public channels (at least F2 and F3) will always seek to reach significant audiences to establish their legitimacy and demonstrate that they are useful to the public and do good work. What would people say if France 2, the prime time, it was watched by fewer than a million viewers?
- The programming of a television channel is not only a function of viewing figures that can carry its programming: it also depends on the rules and constraints imposed by governments in terms of programming and production.
- Finally, a public channel that would not target audience is not necessarily a quality chain. That will depend primarily financial resources available to it and then the talents of those who make it.

NB: The links references will soon be uploaded.

Coming soon:
6) Towards a greater dependence on public broadcasting against the government.
7) What is the public service in broadcasting?

Difference In Emu Bronte And Emu Stinger

blood pressure

The little has always been shaky tears. Trickles of water too salty to kill all fish in the oceans and that never ran right on his cheeks. That's how one day, one night, another day and another night, he wept salty so many that formed around him a huge sea of salt, snow salt, salt air. A mythological story was forming in front of him, and he slept without dreams, in the salt of life. When he awoke appeared Mademoiselle, the Siberian salt the clouds blondes, the ticket to paradise. You could hear the wind chills countries, a nice little trick that could do in his head. Vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvent the cold country and disturbing tide. Miss the Siberian salt, remained planted in her beauty, waiting for the tense heart of hopes which had fantasized meet the fantasies of little Madness. He did not like it. But he wept again. That was enough. It was even more.